The attack rate is a measure of the frequency of new cases of a particular disease within a population over a specific period, typically expressed as a percentage.
Bias
Bias refers to systematic errors in the collection, analysis, interpretation, and publication of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth.
Biostatistician
A biostatistician applies statistical methods to biological and health-related fields to analyze and interpret data for research in the life sciences, typically in areas like medicine, public health, and biology.
Biostatistics
Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological and health-related fields. It involves the development and application of statistical techniques to scientific research in health-related fields, including medicine, genetics, and biology.
Case Fatality Rate
The case fatality rate (CFR) is the proportion of deaths among all (symptomatic) cases.
Confidence interval
A confidence interval is a range of values that is likely to contain the true value of an unknown population parameter. It is often used in statistical analysis and is a measure of the uncertainty associated with a particular estimate.
DALY
Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death.
Endemic
Endemic refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent within a population or geographical area.
Epidemic
An epidemic refers to the occurrence of cases of an infectious disease in a community or region that is clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Epidemiologist
An epidemiologist is a public health professional who investigates patterns and causes of diseases and other health-related conditions in populations. They work to develop strategies for disease prevention and control.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems.
Generation interval
The generation interval is the time between the infection of one individual (the infector) and the infection of their infectees.
Health economics
Health economics is a branch of economics that examines the allocation of healthcare resources, including the demand for and supply of healthcare services. It analyzes how healthcare resources are used and the influence of healthcare policies on health outcomes and costs.
Infection fatality rate
The infection fatality rate (IFR) is the proportion of deaths among all the infected individuals, including both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.
Mortality rate
The mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, typically expressed as a rate per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals over a specified period.
n-CoV-2019
This term is used to refer to the novel coronavirus that was first identified in 2019. It stands for novel coronavirus of 2019.
Pandemic
A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large number of people.
PCR Test
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test is a widely used molecular biology technique to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA (or RNA) across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
QALY
Quality-adjusted life year (QALY) is a measure of the quality and quantity of life. One QALY represents one year of life lived in perfect health. The concept of QALYs allows for the comparison of different healthcare interventions or treatments by taking into account both the quantity and the quality of life that the intervention is expected to provide.
Reproduction Number R
The reproduction number (R) is a measure of how contagious an infectious disease is. It represents the average number of secondary infections produced by a single infected individual in a population where everyone is susceptible to the disease.
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae, and it is closely related to the SARS virus.
Self-defeating prophecy
A self-defeating prophecy refers to a prediction or expectation that directly or indirectly causes itself to become false due to the very act of predicting it. In this scenario, the initial prediction or expectation may influence behavior or circumstances in such a way that it ultimately leads to the prediction not coming true or having the opposite outcome.
Serial interval
The serial interval is the time between the onset of symptoms in a primary case and the onset of symptoms in the secondary case that was infected by the primary case
Serology
Serology is the scientific study of blood serum, particularly in relation to the immune response and the identification of antibodies.
Simpson's paradox
Simpson's Paradox is a phenomenon in probability and statistics where a trend appears in different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined. This often occurs when the groups are not considered independently.
Stochastic
In the context of modeling or analysis, stochastic refers to a process that involves a random probability or variable. It implies that the process involves a degree of unpredictability or randomness in the outcome.
Supershedder
A super shedder is an individual who sheds or releases a significantly larger amount of infectious agents (such as viruses or bacteria) compared to an average infected person.
Superspreader
A super spreader is an individual who is highly contagious and capable of transmitting an infectious disease to a significantly larger number of people compared to an average infected person.
Vaccinologist
A vaccinologist is a scientist who specializes in the development, design, and evaluation of vaccines.
Vaccinology
Vaccinology is the branch of medical science concerned with the study and development of vaccines. It encompasses research on the immune response to vaccines, the development of new vaccines, and the effectiveness of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases.
Variant of concern
A variant of concern is a mutated form of a virus that is considered to have the potential to impact public health significantly. These variants may be associated with changes such as increased transmissibility, more severe disease, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failures.
Virologist
A virologist is a scientist who studies viruses, their characteristics, behavior, and effects on living organisms.
Virology
Virology is the branch of science that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases, including their structure, classification, evolution, and interaction with their host organisms.
